2 Gynaecological Cancer Hospitals In Boston, Massachusetts

Gynaecological Cancer (click for worldwide facilities list): Cancers that start in a woman's reproductive system are called gynaecological cancers. Cervical, endometrial and other uterine cancers, gestational trophoblastic disease, and ovarian are the most common.

Cervical Cancer:
Cervical cancer is cancer of the cervix -- the lower part of the uterus that extends into the upper end of the vagina. There are two main types of cervical cancer:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The majority of cervical cancers -- 80 to 90 percent -- are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers originate in the squamous cells, which are the thin, flat cells that cover the surface of the ectocervix.
Adenocarcinoma:
Ten to 20 percent of cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are those cancers that begin in the gland-like cells that line the endocervix.
Cancers that have features of both cell types are known as mixed, or adenosquamous, carcinomas.

For women needing treating for cervical cancer, the primary forms of treatment are surgery and combined radiation therapy, including brachytherapy, and chemotherapy

Endometrial Cancer:
Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States today, originates in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. For most women with endometrial cancer, surgery is the primary form of treatment. Others may also need radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy.

Leiomyosarcoma & Other Uterine Sarcomas
Uterine sarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the muscle or other connective tissues that surround the uterus -- in a layer called the myometrium. ost women have surgery to treat uterine sarcoma. Depending on the stage of the disease and the type of sarcoma, surgery may include total abdominal hysterectomy (removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries and both fallopian tubes), and/or lymphadenectomy (removal and examination of some of the pelvic lymph nodes).
Other treatment options include radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy -- used either alone or in combination with another therapy.
Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma [LMS] is a rare cancer. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy.

Ovarian Cancer:
The ovaries are composed of three distinct cell types: germ cells, stromal cells, and epithelial cells. Each of these cell types can give rise to different kinds of tumors. Nine out of ten ovarian tumors originate in the cells that cover the surface of the ovary, which are known as epithelial cells. The primary treatments for epithelial ovarian cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, delivered alone or in combination with another therapy.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease:
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease is a rare, highly treatable condition in which cancer cells grow in the trophoblast (the tissue that is formed immediately after a woman's egg is fertilized with sperm and that eventually develops into the placenta.The two primary approaches for treating GTD are surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is rarely used, and is usually reserved as part of combination treatment for patients whose GTD has spread to the brain.

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